Of Mice and Men Relationships Free Essays

The tale ‘Of mice and Men’ is composed by John Steinbeck, set in the 1930’s, America, during the Great Depression. The subject of the novel is of two men (George and Lennie)â Steinbeck presents the two characters, George and Lennie, in the initial area of the novel. From this exchange â€Å"You drink a few, George†-the peruser can set up a comprehension of the two characters’ relationship. We will compose a custom article test on Of Mice and Men Relationships or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now One remained behind the other’, is the main sign that one take all the more a lead in the relationship than the other, and more proof to help this: ‘Lennie imitated him exactly’. Steinbeck proceeds to portray the primary man to be ‘small and quick’, while ‘behind him strolled his inverse, an enormous man’. It would be figured the bigger man would lead, to secure. The two men are depicted as ‘Both were wearing denim pants and in denim coats†¦ and both conveyed tight cover rolls’. This shows they are comparable in the manner they are both nomad laborers. Anyway they contrast with appearance: George is disclosed to have ‘sharp features’, and Lennie to be his inverse ‘shapeless of face’. Steinbeck utilizes their appearance to show how totally extraordinary they are with all the fixings, George has a sharp, fast psyche, while then again Lennie is somewhat dimwitted. Steinbeck presents George and Lennie’s relationship particularly like that of a dad and children. George takes care of Lennie’s work card as George knows Lennie all around ok not to confide in him with it: â€Å"think I’d let you convey your own work card? † George likewise pays special mind to Lennie and attempts to ensure him-‘you never oughta drink water when it ain’t running’, which is proof to show he resembles a dad, prompting Lennie. Steinbeck underscores the topic of George and Lennie resembling a dad and child further by George commending Lennie to fabricate Lennie’s confidence: â€Å"Good kid, that’s it†. Step by step instructions to refer to Of Mice and Men Relationships, Papers

The Case Of Harry Houndini Essay Sample free essay sample

A sort of unwritten or composed imparting. called clarifying. clarifies. portrays. gives data and even advises the perusers. The essayist of a descriptive origin could non accept that his perusers or listeners have previously mentioned informations or foremost entrance about the theme being examined. Other than. the essayist should ever use words that are simple intelligible by a typical peruser. Most essentially. the essayist must make sure that he gives waies to his perusers to association is extremely of import in this kind of initiation. ( â€Å"Information About Expository Writing† ) If the association of musings is frail to get down with. so it would already be able to be said that the nature of the full paper would be hapless as acceptable. Probably the best outline of an informative initiation is â€Å"The Case of Harry Houdini† composed by Daniel Mark Epstein. This is on the grounds that it contains all the highlights referenced previously. from association of musings down to the contemplations that the author is leaving to his perusers. We will compose a custom article test on The Case Of Harry Houndini Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In particular. the author began his work by giving a review of what might be examined in the full paper. which in twist fills in as usher to the perusers. In this way. he sought after with the full work by talking them in thing. Other than. he did non do any premises that may hinder a standard peruser from understanding his work. Last. the author makes sure that he gives assistant inside informations about everything for it to be comprehendible. Toward the start of his origin. he demonstrated some data about Houdini’s life. especially being a rabbi’s kid. his introduction to the world in Hungary to his movements in the United States. up to his Tourss back in Europe. thus coming back to the U. S. After the said life. he so illuminates his perusers regarding what he does. which is to be a getaway imaginative individual. He other than explained the classs of activity that the ( German ) functionaries and Houdini himself do at whatever point he is attempting another flight demonstration. Last. the essayist expressed that towards the terminal of Houdini’s calling. he himself uncovered the privileged insights of his ain quick ones. Notices â€Å"Information About Expository Writing. †

Essay Topics and What They Carry

Essay Topics and What They CarryEssay topics are the central part of every essay, and it is important to know the things they carried in their briefcase or bag when writing. Essay topics should be studied closely to make sure they contain all of the elements that will be necessary to support your argument. In this article, we will discuss some key elements to look for in essay topics.Let's start with the essay topics you carry in your briefcase. Many students choose topics that relate to their field of study or that they have worked on recently. Others may choose topics that are related to a current event or to a place they are interested in going. The key is to choose topics that allow you to examine what makes you tick.As an example, consider a writer who has studied engineering. When he or she has a chance to travel in the field, the most common topic would be the company he or she works for. Topics about a company's culture or management style would not be very interesting. On th e other hand, a topic about the project he or she worked on recently would capture the excitement of his or her work experience.This doesn't mean that a student shouldn't carry other topics in the briefcase. In fact, they should. It just means that if a person isn't well acquainted with the things they carry in their briefcase, they could end up using things they carry, which might not be as interesting.How you carry your notes also has a big impact on how you write. Some students carry more notes than others. In fact, some students might even be prepared to pay someone to take their notes! Although this is true, students should always bear in mind that their notes are just a means to an end.Ultimately, your notes are a means to communicate important information and valuable ideas. They aren't meant to serve as a substitute for data. Some people may wish to reference their notes, but they should still focus on the goals of their essay.In addition to carrying essay topics, students s hould also consider what they bring to the table when they write. This might mean bringing extra copies of their thesis or a few work references. But many students fail to realize the importance of giving themselves a deadline. As an illustration, let's say that a person needs to turn in an essay by the end of February.A deadline for essay topics is important. The same goes for essay topics. By following a schedule and sticking to it, you can ensure that your essays are finished by a certain time. With this knowledge, it is easy to see why timing is so important in writing.

Mildred D. Taylors Portrayal of Being Black in...

Mildred D. Taylors Portrayal of Being Black in Mississippi in the 1930s Mildred D. Taylor is very successful in conveying the reality of what it was like to be black in the 1930’s in the Mississippi region of the Southern States of America. In reading this book we see racial issues through a child’s eyes, Cassie Logan a 9 year old, which gives rise to a spectrum of different emotions. The book is excellent and unusual because it looks at life at that time from a child’s perspective, and probably would not have been as successful if it had looked from an adult’s view. It clear from the book that Cassie’s voice is confident and assured but she is an innocent and honest girl, who is also strong and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hush, I said it was time to go to bed. Now go!† This is to protect the children from hearing the violence of the ‘night men’ and frightening them, because they do not understand the racial issues that are occurring around them. The author clearly shows family life for the Logan’s is sometimes very stressful, but nevertheless they consider themselves lucky for the little they have, such as their land. They are portrayed as a strong, but happy family. Mildred D.Taylor is again very successful in showing this by conveying to the reader, the happy and thankful times that the family has despite the adverse conditions that they have against them. For example, Mr Granger who is constantly trying to take their land from them. Education was important to the Logan’s, and Mildred Taylor emphasises this, because Mama repeatedly tells the children to get themselves a good education. â€Å"As long as you get yourselves a good education.† However, the schools that they attend are not good because of a number of reasons. For example, segregated schools: black people go to one school and white people go to another school. The schools attended by black children though, are not as good as those used by their white contemporaries. The black children do not have as good school facilities as the white children. They have

The Lovable Mrs. Bennet of Pride and Prejudice Essay

The Lovable Mrs. Bennet of Pride and Prejudice The general impression of Austens novels, which critic D. W. Harding says relieved him of any desire to read them, is that they offer readers a humorous refuge from an uncertain world. In his article Regulated Hatred: An Aspect in the Work of Jane Austen, Harding claims that this impression is misleading and that Jane Austen is actually very critical of her society, covertly expressing downright hatred for certain members of it by means of caricature. Mrs. Bennet, from Austens Pride and Prejudice, is one of these comic monster[s]. Harding claims that in order to view Mrs. Bennet as anything other than utterly detested by Austen one must ignore this Austens†¦show more content†¦Bennet for the failures of her marriage. But if we view the beginning of her marriage in Mrs. Bennets terms, Mr. Bennet turns out to be as disappointing a husband as she is a wife. Unlike her husband, Mrs. Bennet was not looking for strong understanding or a liberal mind in her partne r. She was looking for affection and financial security; she has been denied both. Mr. Bennet has chosen to withdraw his affection (Mrs. Bennet likely does not understand his reasons) and, the family lacking sons and his estate being entailed to the nearest male relative, he cannot promise his wife permanent security. Mrs. Bennet is not one to hold back her feelings. Mr. Bennet even makes sport of her ever-present nerves: They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these twenty years at least (4). Yet, Mrs. Bennets society pressures women to be emotionally effusive. It is self-control that almost costs daughter Jane Bennet her marriage. While Jane remains unsure of her feelings for Bingley, she holds back-as yet, she cannot even be certain of the degree of her own regard, nor of its reasonableness (15). Elizabeth applauds this honesty, but her friend Charlotte warns her that Janes complacent behavior might cause her to lose Bingley: in nine cases out of ten, a woman ought to shew more affection than she feels (15). Darcy also assumes that women express their feelings fervently andShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Pride and Prejudice Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesPride and Prejudice The characters and general setting in Jane Austens; Pride and Prejudice, portray life in the rural society of the day. Austen is very clear in setting up the social classes of the characters and immediately portrays why the book is titled Pride and Prejudice. Though the more specific example of Pride and Prejudice is that of Elizabeth and Darcy, and how they first view each other. There initial feelings towards one another set the plot of the novel. It is this constant

Is Software Engineering A Multi Disciplinary Field

ABSTRACT Using qualitative methods and a qualitative analytical framework, it was found that communication and cooperation are the critical factors in developing large-scale software systems. Given the importance of this observation, it is perhaps surprising that research publications using qualitative methods are still scarce. Therefore, my goal in creating this paper is to make existing qualitative methods more visible and further the understanding of qualitative research and its importance in the software engineering community. This paper presents several qualitative methods for data collection and analysis and describes them in terms of how they might be incorporated into empirical studies of software engineering, in particular how†¦show more content†¦For various reasons, systematic empirical studies employing strictly scientific methods are hardly practiced in software engineering. Thus there is an unquestioned need for developing improved and better-qualified empirical methods , for their application in practice and for dissemination of the results. e.g., for planning, performing, analyzing, and reporting such studies. A range of research approaches can generate different and richer information about a complex phenomenon such as software development. In particular, qualitative research methods have been advocated in this regard, although they still occupy a relatively marginal position in software engineering research compared to quantitative methods. The reason that qualitative methods are used so infrequently in software engineering lies in its foundations as a scientific and engineering discipline. An inherited technical interest in improving practice is associated with a preference for quantitative research approaches that lend themselves to measuring causal relationships for successful software process improvement. However, studying software engineering is a complex undertaking not just because of its technical aspects, but also â€Å"from the awkward intersection of machine and human capabilities, and from the central role of human behavior in software development† (Seaman 1999, p.557).

Bruce Dawe Poetry Essay Example For Students

Bruce Dawe Poetry Essay Illustrate your answer in some way detail with reference to three poems. Bruce Dade, a well renowned Australian poet was born In 1930 In Gelling, Victoria. He was an altogether Indifferent pupil and left school at the age of sixteen working mostly as a laborer for the next ten years. However, he finished an adult matriculation course at night school and, in 1954, entered the university of Melbourne. He remained at Melbourne for only a year, but it was there that he met Philip Martin, whom Dade acknowledges as the greatest influence in his literacy encores, and who remained a friend, and an advisor in his developing poetic skills after he left his studies. After leaving university he was employed in Sydney as a factory hand, and in Melbourne as a postman. He then served in the RAFF from 1959-1968. He was a teacher at Downloads College from 1969 to 1 971, then at the university of Southern Queensland, retiring In 1993. He Is married with four children. All of the above experiences have brought Dade to write the poetry he has In Sometimes Gladness. Bruce Dade, who was once portrayed as an ordinary man tit a difference writes about ordinary Australian people In the suburbs confronting their everyday problems. He observes and records the sorrow and hardships of average people struggling back in the sass, right through until the sasss. We characterize Bruce Dade as an Australian Poet as he distinctively writes with Australian imagery, that suggests he is speaking of life and family experiences he has observed and felt over his career as an Australian poet. This is demonstrated in three Of his poems, A footnote to Kendall, Head for the hills and The Exiles. In Head or the Hills Bruce Dade uses a sense of insecurity to describe those who are living their lives as Australian outbacks. Although this poem also illustrates that fact that the easygoing people of these towns arent really worried by how much money theyre making or how big there house Is. As long as these people have enough money to attend their dally visit to the old country pub, they believe that their lives are almost close to brilliant. Throughout this poem Dade uses Australian emotion, such as the disturbing voices you believe the people may persuade themselves as. Dade uses slang so much to the point that he says such statements as whose shout as in who will pay for there next jug of beer and he also states bar flies, not even bothering to wipe the froth from their whiskers meaning that the old country folk gather around the bar like flies, and wont bother to wipe the froth from their whiskers, because in this day and age who cares when everyone else looks the same. Dade stresses the importance of head for the hills and head for the hills they did, men, women, and kids wheeling sore footed dogs In old prams Showing that no tater what our lives are about we have to make time and space for changes. I think this Is very Australian as we all sometimes become caught up In our own lives, not looking for the signposts or crossroads, because we become scared that they could possibly send us too dead end. Shadows of a dairy farm. Stranded, somehow helpless, working a seven day week, day in, day out, waking before the sun rises and lowering to the covers after dark. A footnote to Kendall expresses a great deal of Australians. Sit on a bloody log in a bit of a clearing thinks the young boy after missing his only pop of escaping, the bus to school. It wouldnt have been so bad, if theyd been some minimal excitement say, a passing goanna, or a potentially aggressive funnel web, or even something that looked like a snake. These words all seem so Australian; to have the art of writing about such events shows us that Bruce Dade is distinctively an Australian. The poem continues on to illustrate the family feuds that go on in the big rambling house and how their earnings never exceed fifteen bob a week which wasnt unusual in those days, the days were long and tough, those Australian mean ND women made our land and I think through the words and verses of this poem, Bruce Dade is saying Thank in a very broad way. .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 , .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 .postImageUrl , .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 , .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35:hover , .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35:visited , .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35:active { border:0!important; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35:active , .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35 .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uba863b631919949df48e4fdfb93e7d35:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Andrew Marvell: A Famous Metaphysical Poet EssayAfter reading the poem Exiles on many occasions I became more familiar with the purpose of why the poem has been written. This poem The Exiles describes with great detail yet so briefly the arriving of the English to take over the land of Australia. The poem tells of how those people who arrived at Botany, Morton or Port Phillip, to take control and almost steal the land from the Aboriginals. We took their hunting- grounds to graze cattle, we took their streams, we took at will, their women, we drove hem from the temples of the land. This verse shows exactly how horrid those people were, it is very Australian, due to the fact that it is about our land, and the people of our land. Dade continues on Or see them now, on the banks of the broad rivers explaining how difficult these Aboriginals lives actually are, yet most of us dont want anything to do with them, so, whose land is it, ours or theres? This seems to be the major question continuing on through Dates poetry, he shows distinct Australians, with his passion to write about something that is so important, but too secularly ignored in our societies. Dade has the capability of forcing the reader to believe they are in the situation he talks about. Through research I believe his aim is to challenge the reader to reassess their values and what they have in life after becoming aware of how little many others have. As can be seen in A footnote to Kendall, Head for the hills and The Exiles, Bruce Dade distinctively shows Australians through his imagery and illustrations, by completing poems about ordinary Australian people and the challenges and everyday problems that they face.

Instabilities in Arab States and Its Effect on the United States

the forest people essays

the forest people essays In his book, The Forest People, Colin Turnbull achieves the taste and feel of life inside a Mbuti community, but in doing so offers a skewed anthropological look at the peoples of the African Congo. When reading the book, I did truly feel a part of the Mbuti world, but I also noticed a lack of anthropological accuracy when it came to portraying effect had on Pygmies by the lives and cultures of surrounding natives. Not only does Turnbull lack respect non-Pygmy culture, but he also doesn't much account for the possibility of change as he idealizes the Mbuti belief and living system in the state it currently exists. As illustrated quite early in the book when Cephu's daughter dies of dysentery, the Mbuti people copy some of the patterns of ritual grief used by their villager Negro neighbors. It is clear from their behavior that the Pygmies hold little stock in the cultural beliefs of the villagers, and play along simply to not upset the good food source they can use the Negroes as. How ever, the way that Turnbull portrays this relationship is extremely one-sided, often times not even giving the "Negroes" the dignity of a tribal name. His treatment of their beliefs is similar, and gives only the vaguest reasons for their behavior, citing belief in spirits and fear of the forest. Since Negro customs obviously affect pygmy behavior, it seems curious that Turnbull should come so close to completely ignoring cultural reasons driving it. Forces moving culture are much clearer and completely defined when Turnbull follows the pygmies into the forest and away from the influence of surrounding villages. Here, the ritual of the molimo is seen in its pure state, as are other rituals such as marriage and the elima. From the Mbuti (and therefore Turnbull's) point of view, it is there in the middle of the forest that everything is right with the world, and no polluting influence of the villagers or of change can approach them. However, this is a f...

Selfies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Selfies - Research Paper Example Selfies are described as being photographs that are taken by individuals of their own persons with the typical aid of webcams or smartphones and then subsequently uploaded to the various social media websites. The increasing popularity of selfies and photography is highlighted by the fact that according to phys.org (2013), the internet search provider Yahoo recently estimated that in 2014, an estimated over 880 billion photographs will be taken. According to this estimate, there will be about 123 photos taken throughout the year for every child, man and woman on earth with the larger part of these photographs being selfies. A survey conducted in Britain for Samsung found that 10 percent of women and 17 percent of men were recorded as stating that they greatly enjoyed what they believed to be good-looking photographs of themselves. Part of the allure of selfies is based on the fact that taking a selfie is considered to be a ridiculously easy affair. This is in contrast to the photo taking affairs of yesteryears where taking photos was considered to be a serious and careful affair. During this era of film cameras, it was not worth it to waste an expensive roll of film on attempting to take self-portraits that had a high likelihood of not being well focused (Adewunmi 2013). The raging popularity of selfies on social media led to the development of Instagram in October 2010. Instagram is a social media website that is dedicated to facilitating the sharing of both pictures and videos. Instagram users are able to take pictures which they then easily upload and share with their friends on the site. Hoping to ride on the ever rising popularity of the selfies phenomenon, the social media site Facebook bought Instagram for approximately $1 billion in combined stock and cash, this is after Instagram had only been operational for only about three years. The increasing number of users

Regulation of Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regulation of Internet - Essay Example What is imperative here is an understanding that applies in unison for the Internet being a source of inspiration as well as dismay at the same time for a number of people all over the world. Why the Internet is being seen as a deterrent towards inculcating a prosperous society is largely dependent on the people who have used it for their ulterior motives. Then the only discussion to make headlines surrounds the basis of regulating the Internet so that it could be used properly. The kind of audience that visits the Internet daily is somewhat of a confusing scenario as older adults and teenagers hook on to the Internet to seek their own needs and wants. Now how Internet shapes up for them is somewhat of a diabolical question – which leaves many people surprised and confused at the same time. Regulating the usage of the Internet seems to be the best foot forward but then again who is going to decide what should be regulated and in what capacity? There are many questions that req uire adequately sound answers so that the topic of Internet regulation can be materialized further. The manner in which Internet needs to be regulated is a classic case in point. This is because there are certain nuances related with the Internet that deem more regulation than others. This means that the content aspect is one of the more serious pointers which need our attention. Some content on the Internet is illegal to be hosted on certain websites without proper litigation measures taken. Then again, copying data is an infringement which needs to be sorted out (Schwartz 357). There are people out there who would go to any limit to make sure that Internet is used for negative purposes. This does not come out as a major sign of optimism for anyone and the people at large suffer. Also the ones who are doing something worthwhile on the Internet are made to suffer since some websites get regulated and hence they have to face the brunt of it in the long run. Looking at the opposing vi ewpoint is also significant. This is because some of the Internet users are of the view that regulating Internet would mean that the speed will become slow and the servers will have a hard time coping up with similar issues. Therefore it would be in the best interest of the Internet users if they keep doing what they are undertaking without any rules and restrictions whatsoever. It will resolve quite a few issues that engulf the Internet users and amicably resolve many more that are about to crop up in the future. The need is to understand that Internet is an open domain and should be seen as such. These people opine that Internet must not be regulated under any scenario whatsoever since they do not want to miss out on what Internet offers them in entirety. Their viewpoints are generally not appreciated by the ones who believe in having regulations on the Internet. In the end, it would be sound to suggest that the regulation of Internet can be a good omen for keeping away the undesi red stuff on the Internet but there needs to be a proper mechanism for deploying such a nuance. What is even more imperative here is the fact that regulation of Internet must not hurt the people at large. The speed of the Internet should remain as such and if there are any compromising features, these must be taken care of in a quantifiable way. When this happens, people achieve the

Cleft Palate Microflora- Normal and Pathogenic

Cleft Palate Microflora- Normal and Pathogenic A REVIEW OF LITERATURE Abstract Oral cavity is a house for more than 300 species of microorganisms which includes aerobic, non aerobic, spores, fungi etc. Though many microorganisms are commensal only few microorganism involve in pathogenic process due to predisposing or initiative factors like poor oral hygiene, medically compromised patients, dentate and non dentate mouth, dietary habit, clefts, etc,. Cleft palate is one of the conditions in which commensal microorganisms can become pathogenic over time. There will be communication between nasal and oral microorganisms, which makes the habitat more suitable for few like Staphylococcus species. Even after the closure of due to exchange of microflora between oral and nasal cavity it can lead to wound dehiscence, which further leads to post operative complications. Key words: cleft palate, oral microflora, wound dehiscence, staphylococcus, streptococcus, commensal, fistula Introduction Clefts of the palate comprise a range of disorders affecting the oral cavity, the causes of which remain largely unknown1. Affected children have a range of functional problems which include feeding difficulties at birth due to problems with oral seal, swallowing and nasal regurgitation, hearing difficulties due to abnormality in the palatal musculature and speech difficulties due to nasal escape and articulation problems (Mossey and Little, 2009)2. Cleft may also predispose to alteration of normal flora at nose and oral cavity. Viridans streptococci were the first persistent colonizer of the human mouth and Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Neisseria spp were consistently found toward the end of the first year of life (Arief et al, 2005)3. NORMAL ORAL MICROFLORA The world we live in contains unimaginable numbers of bacteria, representing the major diversity of life on our planet. The commensal bacteria are present on the epithelial surfaces of the skin and on the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, respiratory tract, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract and urogenital tract. An estimated 300 to 500 bacterial species (sp) coexist within the oral cavity, of which approximately 50% are currently uncultivable.4 In spite of this, only a relatively small number of bacteria cause infection in man (Henderson and Wilson, 1998)5. Establishment of a normal flora occurs in a sequential manner: (1) the first exposure of the mucosal surfaces of a sterile neonate is to the maternal genital microflora during its passage through the birth canal, (2) a few hours later the organisms from the mothers (or the nurses) mouth and possibly a few from the environment are established in the mouth, usually Streptococci spp, which bind to mucosal epithelium, (3) oral flora on the childs first birthday usually consists of Streptococci, Staphylococci, Neisseriae and Lactobacilli, (4) the next evolutionary change in this community occurs during and after tooth eruption when two further niches are provided for bacterial colonization, (5) when all the teeth are lost as a result of senility, bacteria that colonize the mouth at this stage are very similar to those in a child before tooth eruption6,7,8. The oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and certain regions of the ears and eyes have an indigenous microflora. Because of the close anatomic relationship of these structures, the resident flora of these regions shares many common pathogens. Within a given microenvironment, however, certain microbes that constitute the normal flora are associated with distinct anatomic sites. Thus, the normal flora exists within complex ecosystems at different sites and interacts closely with different bacterial spp and with the host epithelial layers. This indigenous microflora is known to change over time and host age, congenital malformation, underlying disease and chemotherapeutic agents affect its composition4. Microbial counts have been reported to vary from day to day9. A variety of conditions affect successful colonization of the mucosal surface in the oral cavity, including factors such as epithelial cell turnover, salivary flow, reduction in the oral pH environment following food intake and dentition. The predominant components of oral flora are Streptococcal spp, most commonly members of the Streptococcus group4,7,8. Increasing the amount of sugar intake would encourage growth of certain Streptococci that are able to tolerate a lower pH environment and also presence of teeth (Arief et al, 2005)3. Organisms generally considered as commensals including palate are coagulase-negative staphylococci, nonhemolytic and viridans streptococci, Corynebacterium spp, Neisseria spp Candida spp and other cultivable and not-yet-cultivable spp of Streptococcus.10,11,12 Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most prevalent yeast isolated from the human body as a commensal or as an opportunistic pathogen13. The presence of C.albicans in the oral cavity is not indicative of disease. In many individuals, C.albicans is a minor component of their oral flora, and they have no clinical symptoms. In healthy individuals, a large number of sites in the oral cavity can be colonized by C.albicans14. A number of bacteria which populate the normal oral microflora are opportunistic pathogens capable of injuring or even killing the carrier, if conditions permit- organisms like Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), ÃŽ ²-hemolytic streptococci, Neisseria meningitides, Streptococcus pneumoniae,5 Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Pseudomonas spp (Roscoe and Hoang, 2007)10. (Table 1) MICROFLORA INVOLVED IN WOUND DEHISCENCE Any wound is at some risk of becoming infected. One school of thought is that the density of microorganisms is the critical factor in determining whether a wound is likely to heal. However, a second school of thought argues that the presence of specific pathogens is of primary importance in delayed healing, while yet others have reported microorganisms to be of minimal importance in delayed healing15. Wound contaminants are likely to originate from three main sources: (i) the environment; (ii) the surrounding skin; (iii) endogenous sources involving mucous membranes. The normal microfloras of the oral cavity are both diverse and abundant, and these supply the vast majority of microorganisms that colonize wounds15. Bacterial infections after cleft palate surgery increase the risk of wound breakdown, palatal fistulas, poor speech, poor growth, poor aesthetic results and death. As the commensal oral bacteria in a normal young child change from birth as the child grows, factors that affect oral bacterial colonization include presence of antibodies that inhibit bacterial adherence, presence of teeth, formation of a biofilm, bacterial load in the saliva of attendants and frequency of exposure, prolonged hospital care and exposure to antibiotics (Chuo and Timmons 2005).3,16,17 The risk of infection is generally based on the susceptibility of a surgical wound to microbial contamination. Clean surgery carries 1 to 5% risk of postoperative wound infection and in dirty procedures that are significantly more susceptible to endogenous contamination, a 27% risk of infection has been estimated15. Though, infection is not a very frequent complication following correction of the palate, when infection occurs, partial or complete dehiscence may be the consequence. All wound infections were diagnosed on the second to sixth postoperative day while most patients leave the hospital on the third postoperative day. However, the strong relationship with preoperative cultures and dehiscence indicates that pathogens causing infection do play a role. Moreover, patients with dehiscence showed pus and fever, both signs of an infectious complication18. One might also argue that wound tension contributes to dehiscence and other causative factor. For example, too close to the incision edges may prevent the tissue from meeting and binding together properly. Sutures that are too tight can result in strangulation of the wound edges and poor blood supply to the wound, causing necrosis or sutures are removed too early.18 Wounds undergo a predictable alteration in microbial flora over time. Early on, the wound is colonized particularly by ÃŽ ²-hemolytic Streptococci and S.aureus, within the first 1 to 4 weeks, these are soon accompanied by that often infect wounds together in a synergistic fashion. After approximately 4 weeks, chronic wounds are more likely to become colonized by Pseudomonas spp Infections in older wounds are polymicrobial mixtures of aerobic pathogens usually associated with tissue necrosis, undermining and deep structure involvement (Gordon Dow, 2009).19 Invasive group A Streptococcal infections, once thought to be mainly a problem of the preantibiotic era, continue to be reported in many countries. In a multicenter general practice study in Denmark (1983 and 1984), group A ÃŽ ²-hemolytic streptococci detected in the throats of 10.9% of 99 asymptomatic children younger than 15 years old. Also the throat carrier rates of groups A, C and G ÃŽ ²-hemolytic streptococci decreased with increasing age of the individuals’ studied.16 The carrier ship of group A Streptococcus may predispose to infection and S.aureus ranks second among spp cultured from infected wounds18. Whilst the importance of Staphylococci as medical pathogens has been recognised for many years, it is now suggest that Staphylococci can be isolated frequently from the oral cavity of particular patients group such as children, elderly and in ill patients. Therefore, it is apparent that the oral cavity may present a hitherto poorly recognised reservoir of Staphylococci, some of which may, under appropriate conditions cause local or systemic infection.17 Nasal bacteria may be transmitted through an oronasal cleftfistula to the oral cavity, and it may be able to survive in the oral environment in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) (Mims et al., 1993). S.aureus were identified in 53.1% of saliva samples and 40.6% of nasal samples. The oronasal fistula area was significantly higher in children who had S.aureus colonization in their oral cavity (Tuna et al, 2008).20 Recent data have shown that S.aureus is more frequently found in the oral flora of cleft patients than in normal children. Using saliva swabs, Arief et al. found that children with cleft palate showed more colonization by S.aureus compared to normal children of 3–39 months, which decreased significantly after operation.3 According to Aziz, Rhee, and Redai (2009), 5.5% of patients had nonlife-threatening complications (infection or wound dehiscence)21 and according to Hupkens and group (2007), they encountered 6.0% of wound dehiscence.18 The microbiological studies comparing flora between cleft and non-cleft sites in children with CLP by Brennan et al. (2001) determined that the oral bacteria colonize the cleft nasal floor in patients with unilateral oronasal fistulas. They reported that oral bacteria were not cultured in the nasal floor of the cleft in the majority of patients with oronasal fistula. The Investigators claimed that oral bacteria might occur only when the fistulae are sufficiently large to maintain a similar environment to the oral cavity.20 The study by Tuna et al. showed bacterial transmission was proven for large oronasal fistulas and a correlation was found with S.aureus counts in the children with CLP. It appears that as fistula size increases, significantly higher colony numbers of S.aureus were found in saliva samples. In addition, S.aureus tends to survive in the oral cavity as a result of transmission through the nasal passages as long as an unrepaired cleft exists.20 One study by Myburgh, and K.W. Butow (2009), swabs taken from their soft palates were made for days 0, 2, 4 and 6. The pathogenic organisms were: C.albicans, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and others.22 Another study from Finland showed that, Viridans Streptococci were the first persistent oral bacteria in babies (Kononen, 2000). Staphylococci were prevalent in more than 25% of children aged 0 to 6 months. The prevalence of Staphylococcus was lower in older children.16 Klebsiella spp are ubiquitous in nature and probably have two common habitats, one being the environment and the other being the mucosal surfaces of humans which they colonize. In humans, Klebsiella pneumoniae is present as a saprophyte in the nasopharynx and in the intestinal tract. Klebsiellae are opportunistic pathogens, can give rise to severe diseases such as septicemia, pneumonia, UTI, soft tissue infection and nosocomial outbreaks. The detection rate in the nasopharynx range from 1 to 6%, which differ considerably from study to study; Klebsiella spp are rarely found there and are regarded simply as transient members of the flora.23 According to the statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Klebsiella spp account for 8% of endemic hospital infections and 3% of epidemic outbreaks. The mortality due to Klebsiella spp bacteremia approaches 27–34% in adult patients. This data also showed a marked overall increase in the incidence of this infection during the study period and are in agreement with previous reports regarding the dynamics of gram-negative and Enterobacteriaceae bacteremias.24 During the 1980s and 1990s, the frequency of nosocomial Candidiasis has increased dramatically. Data from the USA National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System shows that C.albicans was the most frequently isolated fungal pathogen (59.7%) in hospital environments. Transfer of Candida between individuals often occurs via the hands of health care workers, and nosocomial transmission can occur without Candidiasis outbreaks.14 Approximately 60% of the isolated recovered were gram-positive cocci (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, ~31%), S.aureus (20%), and Enterococcus (9.5%). Over the past 5–10 years, most commonly isolated were gram-negative rods, such as E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, P.aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.23,25 It could be hypothesized that patient characteristics are primarily responsible for these differences. For example, genetic predilections, underlying diseases, social factors and economic factors and also differences in the virulence of individual microorganisms may be responsible for the manifestations of infection observed in cleft palate patients after surgery.26 (Table 2) Conclusion S.aureus and ÃŽ ²-hemolytic Streptococci are the commonest microflora which are responsible for wound dehiscence, it is always advised to do preoperative and postoperative culture. Though wound dehiscence is not always but frequent complication patient should be under proper care especially children. Alongside attention should be give to the other commensal microflora like Klebsiella, Candida, etc., which can become pathogenic over time in cleft patients. Despite advances in preoperative care, the rate of surgical wound dehiscence has not decreased in recent years. Recognition of risk factors, prevention of wound infection and mechanical stress on the incision are important. Management of dehisced wounds may include immediate surgery. If surgery is not needed, management is essentially the same as that of any other wound through maintenance of a moist wound environment, reduction of bio burden and pain, and promotion of granulation tissue.

Overcoming the Odds in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essays -- Worn Path

In the short story, "A Worn Path" Eudora Welty's plot is not all that clear in the beginning, but progresses as her character carries on against the overwhelming forces against her. In this short story a black elderly woman, Phoenix Jackson, must overcome the odds against her as she valiantly travels through many obstacles in order to contribute to the wellness of her grandson, for whom she is making this trip down "a worn path." It is at this point that all of Welty's readers' hearts open up to this poor, elderly woman as she makes an attempt to carry on her love for her grandson by taking a long journey down a familiar path in order to get medication that seems to help ease his sickness pains. However, there are many forces against Phoenix that Welty includes in her story in order to make Phoenix's adventure end in a victory. Poverty, old age, and her journey through the woods are all of the odds which Phoenix must overcome. Poverty is a major hardship that most of us will never have to face, but in Phoenix's case, poverty is present everyday in her and her grandson's life. Since she is In this state of poverty, Phoenix is not able to enjoy life's luxuries as others do and Must make do with what she can. As she begins her journey, it becomes clear that she lacks the money to pay for transportation to and from town; therefore, she starts down her path carrying a "thin, small cane made from an umbrella" (132). Although Welty never really emphasizes what this is used for the reader can assume that she uses it because she does not have the money to buy the actual cane needed to help her walk properly. Another conflict dealing with poverty arouses when she feels it necessary to steal from a hunter she encounters in... ...cidents indicate that Phoenix adapts to the dangers that face her, and allows the plot to then become clear. Welty catches the reader's attention by how real her short story seems. Even though many people may never experience Phoenix's problems, the descriptions and images she uses allows her to create a powerful story in which many feel they can relate to in some way. Her three major problems, poverty, old age, and some form of a journey, are all obstacles which all of her readers will one day face as they travel through their own paths. Works Cited Jacobs, Henry E. and Roberts, Edgar V. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 5th ed. new Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998: 131-137. Oates, Joyce C. "Eudora Welty." Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1973 ed. 361. Vande Kieft, Ruth M. Eudora Welty. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1987.

Langston Hughes’ “As I Grew Older”

In â€Å"As I Grew Older,† Langston Hughes describes the battle and perseverance for African-American’s freedom though numerous metaphors. In the title and first stanza, Hughes compares his dream to a child growing older. A child is born into the bright sun with the mindset with anything is possible. But as the child grows older, they face obstacles. Hughes also refers to his goals as â€Å"my dream,† which was different from the White-American's dream, expressing how personal this dream is. In the second stanza Hughes introduces the wall, his obstacles and racial separation itself. He uses commas to further elongate the seemingly never-ending process of the wall growing. With each line, Hughes is pressed to the side of the page, as if this wall is physically straining him from writing. The wall seems to grow and grow forever, until it finally touches the sky. With the wall blocking the bright light, Hughes’ dream is in the dark. Replaced by a shadow, Hughes declares: I am black. This simple statement not only refers to Hughes’ situation in the poems context but also his being African-American. A shadow of racism soon covers the country. Through the first four stanzas the attitude of the speaker is sad and hurt. The tone of the poem suddenly changes from being passive to active. Hughes urges his â€Å"dark hands,† his culture and people, to â€Å"break thorough the wall! † and help him â€Å"break this shadow / into a thousand lights of sun! † The â€Å"dark hands† can also be a reference to slavery. Hughes believes that although there have been dark times, they can break down the wall of segregation to let in the lights of equality. Hughes' use of the sun as the goal expresses how far away the dream is yet how great an accomplishment this would be. This poem is a direct metaphor for Hughes' life and struggle with racism directed towards African-Americans. His own childhood scarred, Hughes hopes to break down this wall of the dominating White America. With the support of the African-American community, Hughes believes that they can overcome racism and segregation for equal rights. Hughes, Langston. â€Å"As I Grew Older. â€Å"

Essay on Catholic Teaching on Wealth and Poverty - 1019 Words

Catholic Teaching on Wealth and Poverty A catholic is someone who has been baptised into the faith of Catholicism. Catholic originating from the word Cataholis which is from the Greek language meaning all are welcome. That is exactly what the church do, they are meant to reach out to people of all languages and welcome them into there way of life. The love of money is the root of all evil, money will eventually turn into an obsession which follows on by evil because an obsessed person will do anything to get what they are obsessed about at any cost. The catholic teaching on wealth and poverty is the people who are wealthy are to use there wealth not only to help themselves but to help†¦show more content†¦And over 11 million children will die from poverty-related illness this year alone. Policies of governments and companies are keeping people poor. Policies that ensure global trade; benefits the rich, not the poor. The three richest men in the world are wealthier than the 48 poorest countries combined. Policies that give increasing power to multinational companies, for every  £1 of aid going into poor countries, multinationals take 66p of profits out. Many people exploit developing countries and take advantage where they can, but there are people who are supporting world development. The need for world development is important because it gives a chance to people who are in developing countries to be equal. Equality is something we lack in this world; everyday there is a constant competition to show who is greater. Equality gives everyone equal rights and makes no man greater than the other. Without wealth there would be no poverty so the best way of living would be equality. The need for world development is not just building equality but it is also a way Catholics may act out there faith, Catholics are meant to help the less fortunate so with a developing world Catholics would act out there faith as well as helping people. (iii) Analyse and explain the work of ONE Catholic agency working for world development. In this question I intend to discuss the Catholic charityShow MoreRelatedEssay about Christian Teachings on Wealth and Poverty702 Words   |  3 Pages wealth is not what you need to enter heaven. To enter heaven you must be caring and share your riches with the poor and needy. As a result of Jesus teachings, the early churches shared all they had to make sure no one was in need. Jesus taught us that the pursuing of wealth could lead you into temptations. He said that we will be judged not on the size of our bank balance, but on how we have helped those who are less fortunate. A well-known Christian teaching goesRead MoreAugustine And Two Fathers Of The Greek Church1702 Words   |  7 Pagesamazing walls of the church, and by extension follow the ones who have been â€Å"selected by God† to run His Holy Catholic Church (Catholic Canonists). Although in reality, the appointment of Archbishops, Bishops, and Cardinals acts more like a small town political election, with their peers electing them to office, than God speaking directly to anyone. My next offensive argument is that the Catholic Church creates a space of hypocrisy by publicizing one theme of morality but practicing whatever they likeRead MoreHow The Gospel of Luke Portrays A Model Of Social Justice Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesLuke’s Gospel is a portrayal of Jesus as a model of social justice. Hence, the reader is empowered and influenced by the Gospel to be actively involved in social justice issues. The Catholic Church has sought to reach out to those in need, and Luke’s Gospel demonstrates this through injustices that Jesus challenged. In addition, mental illness, which is a current social justice issue reflects and appeals to problems that Jesus faced and reacted to in his time. Luke’s Gospel greatly emphasizesRead MoreChristians, Wealth and Poverty Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesChristians, Wealth and Poverty The Bible does not say that money is bad. However, what it does say is that it is the love of money is the root of all evil, a powerful message. The Bible also says no one can serve two masters. What this means is that you cannot be too attached to your money or it will lead you away from the one true master, God. It means you cannot use your money in selfish or bad ways, but rather for the good of others. Christians are expectedRead MoreRelated Literature -Rh Bill1675 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation and distribution, economic activities and the environment. However, this act is not coercive rather suggestive; not compulsory but voluntary (Lagman. 2008). A. It is essential to reducing Poverty Studies show that rapid population growth intensifies poverty while poverty develops rapid population growth. This is basically due to the fact that because there is a large population, information is not properly segregated or disseminated. The National Statistics Office (NSO)Read MoreModest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pagesto get across to people since no one will listen to basic facts about Ireland’s poverty; he throws in the eating of children. The proposal starts off by discussing the extreme poverty that has taken over Ireland and explains that no one will make changes and England is of no help. Swift’s tone could best be described as cold and rational as he is trying to get his point across. He briefly describes a ‘cycle’ of poverty in which parents are too poor which means their children will be too which leadsRead MoreProtestant Reformation of Christianity Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesGerman princes in 1529. At first Protestant meant a â€Å"follower of Luther†, but with the appearance of many protesting sects, it became a general term applied to all non-Catholic western European Christians. Within the first decade of the publishing of his ideas much of central Europe and Scandinavia had broken from the Roman Catholic Church. While much of the reformation is credited to Martin Luther, one can argue that it is more the combination of him during that specific time along with the developmentRe ad MoreFirst Nation or Aboriginal People of Canada Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pages Canada is a nation of opportunity and freedom. People from all around the world immigrate to Canada to start a new life, to get away from war or poverty. Canada opens their arms to them and accepts them, and gives them money to get them started. But how about those who were here from the very beginning, before anyone else landed in Canada; the ones that are called First Nation people, or Aboriginals? What is the government doing for them? Why are First Nations people suffering the worst in CanadaRead MoreChristian Teachings on Poverty and Wealth Essay2189 Words   |  9 PagesChristian Teachings on Poverty and Wealth Ever since the beginning of the Christian faith, poverty and wealth have been a big issue. Before Jesus was born, the rich would use religion to keep the poor away from them. The wealthy thought their riches were a blessing from God and that their faith and dedication was a reason for God bestowing them with wealth. They believed that the poor were not true followers of God and therefore suffered with poverty. They thought thatRead MoreThe Rule Of The Franciscan Order1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rule of the Franciscan Order Francis of Assisi is an icon of poverty and reform in the Catholic Church, because his lifestyle encouraged the Church and especially the hierarchy of his time to change almost entirely. He can be perceived as a prophet of his time who revolutionized from his very being a drastic change, because with his life as an example he went from words to actions. Francis was born into a wealthy family in Assisi; he had everything a boy of his time could ask for. Francis experienced